Othello Tragism Essays - Othello, English-language Films

Othello Tragism William Shakespeare's "Othello" presents all of the elements of a great tragedy, according to Aristotle's definition: "A tragedy is the imitation in dramatic form of an action that is serious and complete, with incidents arousing pity and fear wherewith it effects a catharsis of such emotions" (Poetics 14) He also adds, "The language used is pleasurable and throughout, appropriate to the situation in which it is used." The central features of the Aristotelian archetype are manifested in General Othello's character. Although Othello is great, he is not perfect. He has a tragic flaw, hubris (excessive pride and passion), and hamartia (some error), which lead to his downfall. However, Othello's misfortune is not wholly deserved. His punishment exceeds the crime, keeping him admirable in the theatergoer's eyes. Before Othello's tragic flaw results in his unfortunate death, he has increased awareness and gained self-knowledge or, as Aristotle describes it "has experienced a discovery." (Poetics 15) All of this produces a catharsis or emotional release at the end of the play. A tragedy, when well performed, does not leave an audience in a state of depression but creates a shared, common experience. What causes Othello's downfall? Some critics claim that Othello's tragic flaw is his jealousy while others insist that jealousy is not part of his character, that the emotion takes over only when Iago pushes him to the brink of insanity. Evidence in the play supports the notion of insanity. Othello doesn't show himself to be jealous early in the play. It is not until Othello is manipulated by Iago's skillful lies that he is forced to confront his jealousy and mistrust. His love and trust of Iago serve to prove his gullibility, Jealousy and self-doubt poison his sensibilities and innocence, and the realization of his blind trust leads to his sorrowful end. As with most of Shakespeare's tragic heroes, Othello possesses all the virtues prescribed for the character type. He is of noble birth; he is self-controlled; he is religious; he has the respect of his men; and he demonstrates excellent leadership. His magnetism is what draws Venetian senators and soldiers alike and what captivates Desdemona. All of this supports the idea that he is not (at the play's opening) a jealous, enraged, or mad man. He has convincing self-esteem which he later loses to the deception of Iago's evil ploy. It can be noted that Othello's character flaw is his blind trust and naivet?. These character traits contribute to his misled downfall. It would be neglectful, if not irresponsible, to overlook Iago's role in the play. His hate for Othello and Cassio drives his evil motive through a string of lies affecting the entire cast. From the first act, the antagonist is troubled: I know my price, I am worth no worse a place. But he (as loving his own pride and purposes) Evades them with a bumbast circumstance Horribly stuff'd epithites of war, [And in conclusion,] Nonsuits my mediators; for, "Certes," says he, "I have already chose my officer." And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine (A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife), That never set a squadron in the field, Nor the division of a battle knows (Othello. I.i.11-23) Iago never reveals his dissatisfaction with the military arrangement to Othello. Instead, he makes use of Othello's innocence and trust to satisfy his wicked end. He constantly boasts of his love for Othello and patronizes him regularly throughout the play. At Iago's first attempt to instill jealousy in the trusting Othello, he is successful. Othello's concern at Iago's implications entices him to learn more. Iago plays a verbal game with Othello to arouse suspicion. This piques Othello's interest and starts his mind to wonder. Iago is successful at the point he proclaims, O, beware, my lord, of jealousy! It is the green-ey'd monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger; But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet [strongly] loves! (Othello. III.iii.163-168) One of the major qualities that comes to mind when assessing Othello is his trustfulness. He claims that Iago is a man of honesty and trust; "To his conveyance I assign my wife" (I.iii.286). Othello has no reason to distrust Iago at this point. Time after time, Othello fails to see through Iago's deceptions. Iago is a military man; Othello is familiar dealing with soldiers and men he trusts and, moreover, Iago has a widespread reputation for honesty. Othello

Machiavellis Italy - A Renaissance Simulation Essays - Free Essays

Machiavelli's Italy - A Renaissance Simulation Essays - Free Essays Machiavelli's Italy - A Renaissance Simulation This activity is a simulation. A simulation is like a game, but instead of a random subject, like word meanings or running around a board faster than someone else, a simulation uses historical variables and player decisions, coupled to a probability system, and the goal of the simulation is to achieve an outcome that represents the possibilities of history by manipulating successfully all of the aforesaid possibilities. In this simulation, you and a partner(s) will be controlling one of the historical city-states of the Italian Renaissance period, and attempting to dominate southern Europe politically, economically, and militarily. You will have a myriad of options available to you to do that, all of which were prevalent and possible at the time. It is an excellent way to understand, in as real a way as possible, the turbulent times of the 1400-1500s, and the difficulties associated with ruling a Renaissance city-state. It is one thing to study it; it is another to do it. Students will also gain a much keener sense of the problems associated with the practice of diplomacy and realpolitik in any time, as the vagaries of human nature and random events can not be perfectly, if even somewhat predicted. The rules are written like game rules. Each section deals with a different aspect of the simulation. We will do some practice, and then advance to the actual playing of the simulation. You will have to read through the rules, and then practice a turn to get the feel of how it works, and the mechanics of it will become easier as you try different things out. Welcome to Machiavelli's world of 1450. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Object of the simulation/how to win. II. Definitions of terms used in the rules III. Turn sequence A. Basic B. Detailed IV. Control of territories and cities on the board V. Units in the simulation: functions, movement A. Armies: capabilities, uses, and possibilities B. Cavalry: capabilities, uses, and possibilities C. Fleets: capabilities, uses, and possibilities D. Garrisons: capabilities, uses, and possibilities E. Mercenaries: contracting, use, management, capabilities, and possibilities F. Miscellaneous: pirates, other armies of intervention, captured units VI. Unit Orders and explanations VII. Play Cards: explanations Cities Families Trade Persons of Influence Historical Events Papal Offices Spy/Assassin Mercenaries/condottierri I. OBJECT OF THE SIMULATION: to have control of 20 provinces and their cities, including all of one's own, with none in rebellion or containing any Units not your own. If this condition isn't met by a certain or agreed upon time limit, the victor is that player with the most Influence Points. II. DEFINITIONS Army - a square piece representing a citizen army of about 1,000 men, marked with the coat of arms of the controlling power Assassination - the killing of a head of family, ruler of a city- state/nation, or a person of influence by a spy Cards - a set of cards that are used in the game to introduce elements into the simulation that historically had major effects on political, economic, diplomatic, and military outcomes City - a built up area within a province that is controlled by a major family of the Renaissance period, provides income, houses Persons of Influence and garrisons, and provide better protection against outbreaks of plague. Contract - an agreement between two Renaissance states in the simulation that is written down and includes indemnities for non-performance that are kept in escrow by the Umpire Control - a condition where some asset in the simulation is held solely by one player, and is defined differently for each asset Defection - Families, represented by cards in the simulation, may defect to a neutral state or into other players' control depending upon acts or circumstances that arise during the simulation Die Roll Modifier - something in the simulation that positively or negatively affects the chances of something happening that is determined by a roll of a die or dice. Diplomacy - that part of a simulation turn when players from different Renaissance states may engage in diplomacy/negotiations Dowry - a cash payment made from one family, held by one player(s), to another family, held by another player(s), in order to write a Marriage Order. Elites - famous people from the Renaissance period who help a player build Influence, which may be used in Papal Elections. Escrow - an account held by the umpire that represents deposits made by players as a condition of a contract, as the great banking houses of Italy did at that time Family - a representation

Woodstock and hippie culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Woodstock and hippie culture - Essay Example With new lifestyle, new ways of thinking and by going against the tide, young people try to create their own new ‘culture’. In America, the most prominent wave of cultural revolution and rebellion was observed during the 60’s and 70’s. During this period, a revolution was introduced through music, art, fashion, open relationships, physical appearance, thinking etc. The ‘culture’ that brought about this revolution in 60’s and 70’s was the culture of ‘hippie’. However, what really became instrumental in giving a massive exposure to the hippie culture was the Woodstock music festival. In 1969, the Woodstock festival witnessed the largest gathering of human beings in one place in history, with the presence of 500,000 youthful people (â€Å"Woodstock 1969.†). Through Woodstock festival, the whole world witnessed a new wave of cultural revolution in ‘hippies’ and Woodstock became a turning point in the c ultural history of America, and the world (â€Å"Woodstock 1969†). The hippies Hippie culture is known as the counterculture of the 1960’s (Issitt 2009, xi). It was in San Francisco, California, that the hippie movement originated and from there, it spread all over the United States and Europe (Huber, Lemieux and Hollis). The hippies followed and encouraged liberal thinking in politics, lifestyle and culture ( Issitt 2009, xi). Hippie culture gave an outlet to the psychological, emotional and cultural revolution that was felt in the heart of the youth all over the world ( Issitt 2009, xi). Hence, even though hippie way of thinking was practiced in America, it was actually a global phenomenon (Issitt 2009, xi). The hippie culture not only remained limited to the thinking and behavior pattern of the hippies, but it also permeated the mediums of music, literature, art, cinema and fashion scene of the 60’s and 70’s (Issitt 2009, xii). Most importantly, music was one of the major medium in which the ‘hippie’ sentiments and thoughts were expressed strongly. This was the major reason why the hippie culture influenced the Woodstock festival to such a great extend. Woodstock festival The Woodstock festival was a result of hippie people’s desire to live the hippie life openly, freely and without any guilt attached to it. The large hippie population, perfect climate and setting for outdoor concert, and the opportunity to experience every aspect of hippie culture, made the Woodstock festival a carnival and ‘once in a lifetime’ experience for hippies (Issitt 2009, 41). Hence, thousands of hippies flocked to the festival to socialize with like minded people and to enjoy ‘their’ kind of music, dance and lifestyle (Issitt 2009, 41). The Woodstock festival was a carnival for the hippies and they made the most of it by attending it in large number. Moreover, what made the Woodstock festival a paradise for hippies is the environment and opportunities that it guaranteed. The 1969 Woodstock festival was the giant spectrum of potential for hippies (Miller 1991, 82). They considered it an â€Å"epitome of joy and peace† (Miller 1991, 82). The Woodstock became ‘the’ destination for hippies as it offered them everything that they desired for (Miller 1991, 82). In the unrestrained environment of the Woodstock festival, the hippies enjoyed the commune like life, spiritual and religious experience, and total freedom to behave in a typical hippie way (Miller 1991, 82). Most importantly, the Woodstock festival proved to be a free dope territory (Miller 1991, 82) which allowed them an opportunity to experience the ‘spiritual’ high through drugs and LSD, openly(Issitt 2009, 41). Moreover, it also allowed them a space where they got to enjoy the intellectual stimulation by listening to the

The godfather 1 review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The godfather 1 review - Research Paper Example The film directed by Francis Ford Coppola was based on a novel with a similar title written by Mario Puzo, and was proclaimed to be the most influential picture in the genre of gangster films. It was also acknowledged as a culturally relevant film in its depiction of the mafia culture that was thriving in the American society of those times. Due to its success, the film won three Oscars, which included the best actor prize for Marlon Brando and the best screen play award among other picture categories. The film also was nominated for several other cinematographic awards underlining its success. The movie’s plot is centered upon the lives of the crime families in New York. At the beginning of the movie, the daughter of Vito Corleone is getting married. His son Michael returns from military service but is unwilling to engage in crime, which is the time-honored family business. With time, the nature of the family business dawns on Michael, when the family sinks into top violence because of an impediment in their business. This happens when a drug dealer Virgil Sollozo approaches the family for protection in exchange for the profit from the drug money. The Don’s morals do not agree with the nature of drug-dealing business, and he rejects the offer (Larke-Walsh 38). This displeases the drug dealer who hires assassins to take Don’s life. They almost succeed but Don survives the attempt. This leads to retaliation from the family, with Michael on the forefront. The events lead to the tragic tearing of the Corleone family. In the end, however, Michael becomes t he new Don after the demise of his father (â€Å"The synopsis for the Godfather†). In the movie, Michael is concerned with legitimacy and is not keen to participate in the family business. He strives to make the family legitimate, free from immorality and crime. It, however, the nature of the

Social policy and play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social policy and play - Essay Example There are some games universally played by children. Hide and seek which develops inquisitive nature and curiosity in the minds of the children and Police-thief games which is about battle between good and evil are popular among children in different forms of the game. ‘Play’ goes a long way in cultivating good habits, manners and behaviors in a person. Perspectives of Childhood The perspective of childhood is viewed from futuristic angle, ignoring the conditions, needs and changes required from the current perspective. Lesser and Russell stated â€Å"There has been a rapid growth in policy initiatives relating to children and young people and this has been dominated by a perspective which sees children primarily in terms of their and the nation’s future and not in terms of their present lives.† Childhood should not be viewed merely as a ground for preparing them for adulthood. The society tries to intervene in the process with the understanding that the fr amework is set with reference to learning, good habits, behaviors and manners in socializing. Health consciousness is also considered in this framework. However, we need to treat that opportunity to play is ‘childhood right’ though there are the attendant benefits and adult hood is related to childhood. According to Lee (2) â€Å"Whatever differences there may be between adults and children, contemporary sociologies of childhood urge that children be treated equally, at least in terms of recognizing that children have views and perspectives of their own.† The aspect of empowerment to the children is another important perspective. According to Alexander (10) empowerment, â€Å"is what bridges children’s wellbeing, children’s primary education and children’s rights. Empowerment - underpinned, as our child witnesses insist, by equity, empathy and expertise - is an educational cause well worth fighting for.† Social Policy Relating to Child hood â€Å"Alcock (2003) proposes a definition of social policy which suggests that it comprises both academic discipline and also a form of social action.† (Shardlow (14) Children believe they have the talents and courage to become kings. This belief which remains unspoiled till adulthood made many college drop-out students to establish great business empires in history. On the other hand, the seeds of evil take deep roots in their minds due to child abuse or discrimination manifest as cheating, fraud and terrorism in later years.   Study by Henn et al (1160) â€Å"revealed profound differences in the likelihood of criminal convictions or incarcerations between socialized and under socialized delinquents. The socialized delinquents have less chance of being either convicted of a crime or being imprisoned.† Shaping up at 5 is easier than reshaping up at 50. According to Hallett and Prout (83) children have been accorded a central role, both in creation of modern soci ety and the autonomous individual and observed that the contemporary thinking and activities of the associations in child welfare confirm this trend. Play is an important part of children and youngsters. Sutton-Smith views ‘

Report On Bed Capacity Planning In Hospitals

Report On Bed Capacity Planning In Hospitals Nowadays, the number of medical treatment and medicines increases which allows a spectacular growth of the health care sector. Despite this development, the sector suffers from inefficient management and ineffective planning [15]. Managing patients, nurses and physicians is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. Hospital bed planning is a central problem that affects hospital capacity, health care quality and also management of nurses and physicians. During the last decades, hospitals are a non profit organization where the demand is not a primary concern for the manager of these hospitals. Today, many private hospitals are acting with a primary objective to satisfy the demand and to provide outstanding services to compete with other private hospitals [10]. The hospital is not just a medical care unit but also is providing hotel and transportation services. To insure competiveness of hospitals we need to improve the quality of services and to satisfy as much as we can the deman d. Therefore, hospitals need to look for their supply chain and how to manage it. In this report, we focus on the supply chain management of hospitals in Dubai. Dubais health services are internationally recognized and due to their high standard and their modern facilities equipment, are comparable to other developed countries. The location of hospitals in Dubai is strategic to ensure accessibility for patients. There are approximately 20 clinics and hospitals distributed across the Emirate. The ratio of clinics/hospitals to patients is 1:78,000. One of the more impressive practices of medical professionals in Dubai is the post-clinic, private medical call. These are considered as part of their responsibilities. Medical attention is provided, regardless of residency or nationality. In general, Dubai aims to improve the over-all wellbeing of its people. Its strategy is to provide patient-specific care. The most popular medical services provided by healthcare providers in Dubai include immunizations and vaccinations, psychiatric treatments, medical fitness examinati ons, community services (such as marriage and family counseling), adult and infant yoga therapy, rehabilitation, and education on health and nutrition. We focus on this report on Rashid private hospital in Dubai, UAE. We mainly present a multiple objective stochastic programming for the bed capacity planning taking into account the quality of the service and the stochastic demand in that hospital. In the next chapter, we present a general overview of the hospital supply chain in general before we present in chapter 3 some of the Rashid hospital operations. In chapter 4, we focus on hospital bed capacity planning in order to introduce to the multiple objective stochastic program that we are going to propose for Rashid hospital bed capacity planning. The obtained model is transformed in chapter 6 into its certainty equivalent and solved in chapter 7 using data from Rashid hospital. Chapter 2 Hospital supply chain 2.1. Introduction Health is defined as à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well beingà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ . The health care sector is an important sector as regards to the welfare of people. Health services require the synchronization of various resources, such as Human resources, medicines and medical equipment. In any organization, a supply chain must be designed in accordance with its mission. The mission of all hospitals includes the maximization of the level of patient care. The size of a hospital, geographical location, diversification, and the various specializations all affect the nature of care provided in a hospital and, therefore, the goals of its supply chain. The hospital chain may have some of the following goals [7]: To secure the availability of product , To Reduce the storage space and to maximize the patient care, To reduce time and cost of handling the medical team (nurse, pharmacist, physician) Minimize the stocks of inventory The main functions of hospital supply chain are defined as follows [7]: To allocate the main resources (technical platforms, beds, physicians, nurses ) and their location in the hospital. To plan for extra resource needed (medical staff, medical equipment), and to schedule the care activities. To organize transportation of patients and equipment. Generally, the hospital supply chain may be split into two parts (see Figure1): the external chain and the internal chain [14]. Fig 1: Hospital supply chain [15] 2.2. The external supply chain The external chain begins with companies specialized in the creation of the raw material (patent, drug, machinery, etc). The raw material can be materialized (machine, drug, etc.) or immaterialized (know how to cure). The manufacturer may itself be the creator or a company that works in relationship with him. In this case, the company is responsible for the duplication (making molecules on a large scale and add excipients or drug) for the test and for the control. Once the product is ready to be used and receives the necessary certifications, the role of the distributor is to place the product on the market. The market is generally formed by a central purchasing (WHO, national distributors, NGOs, etc) or individual (hospital, pharmacy, etc). Each health facility may maintain direct relations with manufacturers so that products pass through certain distributors. 2.3. The internal supply chain The health establishment is the last link in a supply chain consisting of manufacturers and distributors from various industries (medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, food, laundry, maintenance, etc). The supply chain within the hospital is complex. The size of the hospital, the geographical location, the diversification, various specializations, the high cost and perishable goods, all affect its supply chain. The first characteristic of the appropriate health care supply chain is its diversity in distribution channels. Inside the hospital, the hospital product is made up of items at low prices or high-prices and durable and perishable goods that are consumed in large or small quantities. A health institution is composed of five main activities that manage different types of flows to offer many services or products to patients. These activities are defined as follows: Intralogistics activities which are the fact that the hospital acquire, receives and distribute different supplies used in the service. The demand management that is the planning and the coordination between the different necessary resources. Operations and services given to the patient within the hospital from admission to discharge. External logistic represented by the medical follow-up for the patient. Services to the patient which are all auxiliary activities that are not linked to medical activities offered to the patient (gift shop, religious programs, etc). The supply chain within the hospital can therefore be presented as follows: 2.4. Conclusion The hospital supply chain must be developed for a specific product based on its unit cost, demand variability and the physical size. We can say that integration of the supply chain in the health care sector requires the synchronization of internal and external supply chains to each individual service. A good supply chain management within a hospital is necessary and must be performed efficiently Chapter 3 Operations in Rashid hospital 3.1. Introduction Rashid Hospital is a 454-bed general medical/surgical hospital in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, and is a part of the Dubai Government Dubai Health Authority. Rashid Hospital is considered in Dubai as one of the first medical facilities for trauma, emergency, ambulatory care and critical care which provide a high-quality of services to all patients within the community. The Rashid hospital provides also leadership in the training and education of health care professionals. In the emergency, Rashid Hospital is considered as one of the most reputable and prominent medical centers in the Gulf region. It receives the majority of complicated case other hospitals are destined to Rashid hospital which coordinates also closely with the Dubai Civil Defense and Police for the training of emergency medical staff inside the airports In Rashid hospital, two types of admissions are used: the outpatient admission and the admission through emergency department 3.2. Outpatient registration This type of admission or registration is present in all hospitals and it can be defined as follows: An outpatient admission is presented when a patient is admitted to the hospital, surgical center or ambulatory center for a surgical or nonsurgical operation, therapeutic procedure or diagnostic procedure, that does not require an overnight hospital stay. The preparation for outpatient admission varies with each procedure [20]. In Rashid hospital, the responsible physician, the treating physician and the admitting physician are responsible of the admission procedure of the outpatient. The registration of the outpatient is done after the patient gets a discharge from the emergency department or the inpatient unit. This must is done by the physician who gives the patient an outpatient appointment for follow up with the required specialty. After that the patient will be transferred to the required specialty. The next step is the direct admission which must be done during the same day. The admitting physician/clinic nurse informs the case manager and the admission office that the patient requires admission, and then the admission of the concerned patient is linked with the availability of a bed. Next, the account department or the admission office informs the patient about charges for treatment as per the hospital payment policy. The clinic nurse will inform the patient about the admission conditions and about provisional diagnosis. But if the hospital cant find an available bed, the treating physician will give to the patient another appointment or ask for a transfer of the patient to another healthcare unit (if the case is urgent). In Rashid hospital, urgent case admission is directed to the emergency department. The admission in this department is different from the outpatient admission. In the next section, we are going to overview admissions procedures in the emergency department. 3.3. Admission through the emergency department This type of admission is different from the outpatient admission because patient must access directly to health due to the urgency of his/her case of illness. It can be defined as housing the patient in the hospital to provide special interventional procedure(s) or definitive treatment. We can distinguish three types of patients in this admission. First, the unstable patients who will suffer irreversible damage or loss of life if not admitted immediately. Second, the stable patients who are the patients that requires urgent treatment or interventional procedures(s) that cannot be accomplished on an outpatient basis. Third, patients are not suffering loss life or serious damage if not admitted [21]. In the emergency department, the emergency physician has to observe and to investigate to know if the patient needs admission and to refer the patient to the on call physician. The emergency physician and on call physician will decide about the required screening and diagnostic tests after examining/before admitting the patient. The emergency department must inform the case management about the admission, provisional diagnosis and level of care needed and check for the availability of bed. If there is no available bed in the selected department, the case manager can admit the patient temporarily in another department where bed is available (with adequate equipment). But if there are no available beds throughout the hospital, the case manager has to refer patient to another hospital. The patient flow in Rashid hospital can be presented as the following figure [10]: Bed flow in hospital 3.4. Rashid hospital departments At Rashid Hospital it exists many specialized medical and paramedical departments all equipped to receive all kinds of patients and also patients from neighboring hospitals. The existing specialities in this hospital are: Psychiatry Cardiology Gastroenterology General surgery Hematology Infectious disease Respiratory Neurosurgery Traumatologie Geriatric 3.5. Conclusion Rashid Hospital aims to provide an outstanding service to all outpatients and patients that are admitted through the emergency department. This aim cannot be achieved if the hospital has not the adequate capacity in terms of hospital bed and human resources (physicians and nurses). At the same time the hospital must run in profit to ensure the future of its activity. In this study we will try to answer this important question of hospital capacity planning in order to determine both the level of beds and the number of resources that Rashid hospital needs to satisfy the random demand. Chapter 4 Hospital capacity planning 4.1. Introduction The capacity is defined as the quantity of service that the health care institution must provide to satisfy patients need. Capacity management is related to the control of the impact of demand variability on the management of the health care institution. It concerns the good coordination of resources through the management of medical equipments, human resources and bed occupancy. Hospital capacity has long been an indicator of the importance of the hospital structure and for budget allocation [18]. The capacity planning is a component of the internal hospital supply chain. This planning is usually used to help hospitals, to do well their objectives which are: Trying to avoid an underestimating of the number of beds, planning for the future maintain a good service quality, optimize resource use, satisfy the requirements of internal and external security. 4.2. Bed capacity management In hospitals, capacity planning usually focuses on the total capacity of beds, the capacity of the surgical system, the allocation of beds for different services, equipment capacity, the ability of auxiliary services, and the number of staff and their competence [11]. Before we plan capacity in a hospital, the following issues must be clarified [1]: The length of the planning horizon (operational, tactical and strategic) The level of the provided care (primary, secondary) The type of care (provided to inpatient and / or outpatient) The quality, cost and types of available resources (physicians, nurses, technicians, rooms, beds, medical equipments and all what constitute an input for health) The hospital capacity depends not only on the number of beds, but also how these beds are used. The hospital capacity can be influenced by several factors: The geographic distribution of patients: each locality has its own hospital. The type of resources currently in use: a patient who wants to have a particular diagnosis by the nearest hospital must visit the hospital where it exist the necessary equipment. availability of nurses, physicians, and support equipment in the hospital Hospital bed management may affect cost, quality and accessibility of care. The daily management of beds is closely related to the management of the hospital. To properly determine the capacity of beds, we need to track the activities of hospital patients (admission, assignment, stay and leave) [12]. The essential role of the hospital bed manager is to ensure balance between supply and demand for hospital beds. Bed management has a long-term component, which is the choice of the overall number of beds as well as sharing among different departments, and a short-term component for the daily bed allocation to patients. We conclude that hospital beds are important measure to determine the hospital capacity. The bed management does not only affect the overall capacity but it also impacts on cost, quality and accessibility of care [8]. 4.3. Models for hospital bed capacity management Many models were elaborated to determine the optimal number of beds inside a hospital. The simple and the most used models to evaluate the adequate capacity of a hospital department are based on the following index: N = (length of stay * number of patient)/number of days = number of patient per day / number of days The transfer between departments and the randomness of some of the index parameters are not considered in the above model. To overcome this shortness in the index model more elaborate stochastic models can be used. These models can be used for the short term (daily problem), the long term (monthly problem) or even for the case of a disaster. The Queuing models are short term models that are usually related to the operational level of the hospital capacity planning. These models characterize the relationship between the number of beds, the average occupancy levels and the number of patients transferred from one department to another based on the arrival time of patients, the nature of patients transferred from one unit to another and the period of use of each type of bed by the patients. [13]. The simulation models have the ability to consider the results of a decision on an item without carrying out the experiment on the actual item [9, 19]. They represent an artificial reproduction of what will happen when random parameters change their values. Sally C. Brailsford [16] proposed a simulation model to plan for the capacity of an intensive care in hospital using software called SIMUL8. Nowadays, the health sector, an increasingly privatized sector, seeks to find an effective planning of his resources for the long term. Taking into account the benefit t and also the quality of offered service. The medical ethics and money profit are two conflicting criteria. Multiple objective programming is a model that can deal with several criteria. Chu and Chu [6] proposed a goal programming model for hospital beds allocation in Hong Kong. The model takes into account the constraints of location, the demand constraint and constraints related to manpower. Black and Carter modeled the problem of allocating physicians to hospital department using a linear goal programming model [3]. The model focuses on the number of cases handled by a physician taking into account that the hospital must be able to generate enough revenue to cover fixed costs and variable production. 4.4. Conclusion The models developed for the hospital bed capacity planning problem are mostly categorized as stochastic models. These models are suitable for short and medium term. In this study, we are more concerned with the long term. This is way we focus on multiple objective programming models to plan for the bed capacity in Rashid hospital. Chapter 5 The model In this document, we follow Ben Abdelaziz and Masmoudi model to determine the optimal bed capacity in Rashid hospital [2]. The model was first developed for bed capacity planning in all public Tunisian hospital to evaluate of missing beds. 5.1. Notations l: specialty in a hospital department, . We have two kinds of specialties. Those called primary health specialties for which we cannot transfer the patient to another hospital and secondary healthcare specialties that in case of no hospital bed available can be transferred to another hospital. : A subset of primary healthcare specialties that can be served by the same hospital bed (for which we are using the same equipment), . : A subset of secondary healthcare specialties that can be served by the same hospital bed, . : the set of specialties that may be served by the same type of nurses , : the set of specialties that may be served by the same type of physician , 5.2. The parameters : Existing beds in specialty in the hospital, . : the number of beds that can be added in the specialty in the hospital, . : ratio of nurses per bed, i.e. the number of nurses needed to serve one patient in the specialty l, . : ratio of physicians per bed: The number of physicians needed to serve one patient in the specialty l, . : the stochastic yearly demand for the specialty in the hospital where express the random demand. 5.3. Decision variables : number of beds in the specialty in the hospital. 5.4. Constraints of the model Maximum and minimum number of beds in the hospital The demand for the set of specialties in the hospital must be satisfied The demand for the set of specialties must be satisfied otherwise transferred to another hospital (1) where express the number of vacant beds in the set of specialties and the number of missing beds in the set of specialties . 5.5. Objective functions The first objective function is to minimize the cost of adding and managing new beds where is the daily cost of creating and managing an additional bed of the specialty in the hospital during the period of investment. The stochastic constraint (1) is related to the satisfaction of the demand in secondary health care specialties. This transfer generates an additional cost (transfer cost). We have to use a recourse approach to get certainty equivalent constraint. In a recourse approach a penalty in the objective function is generated when the solution does not satisfy the random constraint. Here the penalty is the transfer cost. The expected transfer cost is where is the expected transfer cost. The third group of objective functions is to minimize the number of nurses in the groups of specialities in the hospital The fourth group of objective functions is to minimize the number of physicians in the groups of specialities in the hospital 5.6. The final model The final model is expressed as the following multiple objective stochastic program 5.7. Conclusion To solve the above multiple objective program, we need to transform it into an equivalent mathematical program. This transformation must be done following the problem hypotheses. In the next chapter, we will review these hypotheses and we will provide a suitable transformation of the program (P) into its certainty equivalent program. Chapter 6 The certainty equivalent program 6.1. Introduction The program (P) is a stochastic program as it presents two stochastic constraints (P.5) and (P.6) and a multiple objective program as it has several objective functions to minimize. To solve a multiple objective stochastic program, we need to transform it into its certainty equivalent program, under predefined approaches. In the next sections and using a chance constrained approach for the constraint (P.5), a discretization technique for the constraint (P.6) and a goal programming approach to deal with the two objective functions (P.3), and (P.4), we are going to build such a certainty equivalent program to the program (P). 6.2. Chance constrained approach The chance constrained approach transforms the random constraint into a deterministic constraint by considering as feasible solution those satisfying the uncertain constraints with a predefined level of probability [4]. Therefore, under a chance constrained approach, the following stochastic linear constraint where , and are random variables, will be transformed into the following deterministic constraint where is fixed level of probability. It means that a feasible solution must satisfy the uncertain constraints for all scenarios with a probability of occurrence higher than . The constraint (P.5) expresses the satisfaction of the demand on primary health care specialties (the demand on these specialties cannot be transferred to another hospital). It is difficult and not justified to satisfy the demand for all scenarios and especially scenarios with a small probability of occurrence. In the following, we propose a chance constrained approach to deal with the constraint (P.5). Therefore, the demand on the primary health care specialties Ar must be satisfied with a given fixed probability level as follows (3) The constraint (3) is a chance constraint. Using the model hypotheses, the random daily demands are normally distributed with a mean of and standard deviation of . Note that, Then, we can rewrite the chance constraint (3) as follows 6.3. Discretization approach We must satisfy almost surely the constraint (P.6). In stochastic programming, the normal distribution is approximated by a discrete distribution and then the constraint (P.6) can be rewritten as follows: The total recourse cost and the monthly transfer cost for secondary health care specialities are transformed using the discretization of the normal distribution of demands as follows: 6.4. Goal programming approach Charnes and Cooper [5] are the first to introduce the goal programming approach which is essentially used to transform multiple objective linear program into a linear program. This transformation consists on these steps: First, to fix a target values for some or all objectives (called also goals) Second, to transform the objective functions to constraints and third minimizing the difference between objective functions value and these goals. Using a goal programming approach, the following objective functions can be transformed to constraints as follows where and are the negative and the positive difference, respectively, between the fixed goals and the achievement , and the new objective function to optimize is expressed as follows where and are weights of the negative and the positive deviation, respectively. The objective functions (P.3) and (P.4) minimize the number of nurses and physicians in each hospital. As the actual number of nurses and physicians can not be reduced, a goal programming approach is used to deal with objectives (P.3) and (P.4) where goals must be equal to the number of nurses and physicians already working in hospitals. Let us denote by and the number of nurses and physicians, respectively, who already work on the specialty in the hospital. We denote by and the goals for the objective functions (P.3) and (P.4), respectively, and are expressed as follows where is the number of nurses in shortage in the group of specialties in the hospital, is the number of nurses in excess in the group of specialties in the hospital, is the number of physicians in shortage in the group of specialties in the hospital and is the number of physicians in excess in the group of in the hospital. From these goal constraints the additional cost that gives monthly salary of new nurses and physicians is as follows: where is the nurse salary per month in the group of specialty in the hospital and is the physician salary per month in the group of specialty in the hospital. The monthly salary of nurses and physicians who work in hospitals is fixed. Now, as all objective functions represent yearly expenses, we propose to combine all cost objectives which are the yearly transfer cost, the yearly cost of creating and managing new beds and the yearly salary of new nurses and new physicians, into a single objective function expressed as follows: 6.5. The certainty equivalent Finally, under a chance constrained approach and a goal programming approach, the certainty equivalent program to the multiple objective stochastic program (P) is expressed as follows: (CE) 6.6. Conclusion The chance constrained and the goal programming approaches are used to generate the certainty equivalent program. Their use is motivated by the problem hypotheses. In the next chapter, we are going to test the model using real data from Rashid hospital. Chapter 7 The experimental study In this chapter, we discuss the results obtained by the previously presented model for hospital bed capacity planning using data from Rashid hospital. The data was obtained from the administration of the hospital and is related to a recent period (2009-2011). The quality of results here is highly linked to the quality of the input data. We are going in the following to report some of the data given to us as well as the model output. 7.1. Model parameters From the Rashid hospital we collected data related to the following parameters: Number of patients / specialty New admissions/ day Discharges / day Stay of every patient Number of Physicians / specialty Number of physicians / team Number of teams / specialty Number of hours worked by each physician Number of patients assigned to each team / day Number of nurses / specialty Number of beds / specialty A description of the system of operation of each specialty. In this document we cannot disclose the information that was given to us. We refer the reader to the manuals that the hospital published yearly and that are related to his yearly activity. 7.2. Lingo 12.0 To solve the linear programming (CE), we used the commercial software Lingo 12.0. Recently Lingo was ranked by INFORMS (www.informs.org) as one of the most valuable package for linear and nonlinear mathematical programming problems. For the mixed integer linear program (CE), Lingo uses a modified Branch and Bound algorithm [17]. 7.3. Hospital beds The Rashid hospital must have 467 beds in the total. It means that 15 supplementary beds must be added to the hospital. The number of optimal beds in each speciality is presented in the following table: Specialty Current number of beds Optimal PSYCHIATRY 46 46 CARDIOLOGY 74 74 GASTRO 9 9 GEN.SURGERY 84 84 HEMATOLOGY 4 4 IDU 23 23 RESPIRATORY 22 22 NEUROSURGERY 39 44 TRAUMA 104 114 GERIATRIC 47 47 TOTAL 452 467 Table 1: number of optimal beds Only two specialities require additional beds. These specialities are the Neurosurgery where 5 beds must be added and the trauma speciality which requires 10 additional beds. This difference between the optimal number of beds and the current beds is also represented with the following histogram: 7.4. Nurses The Rashid hospital needs to hire 3 additional nurses to the hospital to cover the demand. The optimal number of nurses per specialty is represented in the following table: Spec. Current number of Nurses Optimal PSYCHIATRY 12 14 CAR

Tragedy Through Misreading in William Shakespeares King Lear Essay

Tragedy Through Misreading in William Shakespeare's King Lear Shakespeare’s tragedy, King Lear, portrays many important misconceptions which result in a long sequence of tragic events. The foundation of the story revolves around two characters, King Lear and Gloucester, and concentrates on their common flaw, the inability to read truth in other characters. For example, the king condemns his own daughter after he clearly misreads the truth behind her â€Å"dower,†(1.1.107) or honesty. Later, Gloucester passes judgment on his son Edgar based on a letter in which he â€Å"shall not need spectacles†(1.2.35) to read. While these two characters continue to misread people’s words, advisors around them repeatedly give hints to their misinterpretations, which pave the road for possible reconciliation. The realization of their mistakes, however, occurs after tragedy is inevitable. Gloucester and Lear, create their eventual downfalls due to their inability to read deceit. Though these characters share the same tragic flaw, the means by which they make their errors is completely different. Gloucester remains a poor reader because he is quick to believe his sense of sight. When his illegitimate son, Edmund, reveals a deceitful letter designed to incriminate Edgar, Gloucester is quick to believe him. â€Å"Abominable villain†(1.2.74) he cries out before he even examines the letter with his reading glasses. Edmund’s trickery is conducted cleverly, but Gloucester’s lack of disbelief is unexplainable. Even though Gloucester is a fundamentally good man he tends to have a pessimistic view on his situation, as well as the rest of the world. Gloucester displays his inability to read and comprehend reality once more when he begins to read the skies. â€Å"... ...able to regain his ability to see but it is during the last act of the play in which the circumstances are completely out of his control. These characters both die because they are pushed way past the limits of human fortitude and competence. When Lear tells Gloucester â€Å"A man may see how this world /goes with no eyes† (4.6.146-47) he displays both of their misfortunes, but it is too late to prevent ultimate tragedy. Shakespeare proposes that their tragic saga is a mere game to the heavens. â€Å"As flies to wanton boys, are we to th’ gods,/They kill us for their sport† (4.1.37-38). This line generalizes the overall simplicity behind the tragedy of King Lear. Even though Gloucester and Lear made terrible, fatal errors the reader feels at the end as if it is intended to be their destiny. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. King Lear . New York: Oxford UP, 1994.

Behavioral Plan

Alex is a 10th grader in a public school. He is an active boy, though too active that he finds it hard to focus on his lessons or even just listen to his teacher for an extended period. While he can cope with class most of the time, he finds it hard to excel because of the inability to focus to his lessons. Thus, intervention must be made to help Alex focus and get more out of his classes. Hypothesis Alex’s excessive liveliness is a sign of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD, a condition suffered by millions of children in the United States alone.Other countries add to the statistics. It is therefore fitting for a formal research to be made in an attempt to solve the problem and help Alex along with the many children suffering the disease. Doing so will help them live normal, productive lives. Objectives of the Study The study focuses on Alex and aims to (a) help Alex behave in class, (b) help Alex participate in class, and (c) help Alex avoid teasing and disrupt ing other kids in the class. There are certain difficulties in trying to establish these objectives.First, Alex may not be expected to comply one hundred percent of the time with the teacher. Second, Alex’s attention-deficit problem is innate in him and it is not easy to stop him by just telling him to stop. Lastly, Alex finds this kinds of activity fun and comfortable, and so suddenly taking it away can pose further problems to him. These should all be considered in planning an intervention plan for Alex and with all similar cases. Data GatheringThe first step, as clinical practitioners suggest, was to gather as much information about the subject as possible. Interviews with Alex, with his parents, and with close friends have been done. Oftentimes, behavior characterizing ADHD starts from untoward occurrences in the child’s life that has affected him psychologically. The case deepens if the child finds no outlet for pouring hurt emotions or depression. Alex’s a ctivities were also observed. Charting will be done on the times of the day that he is most active, and times when he is calm and collected.It was also noted at what activities Alex is not paying attention and which ones make him stay put. These will tell pretty much how Alex’s behavior can be corrected. Considering these, Alex’s data was compared with other children. This comparison will instill or deny if Alex’s behavior is right for his age and maturity level, and if corrective actions should be made. If the data from the charts show that Alex is acting according to his age, constructive yet disciplinary actions may be given to make him behave in class.However, if the data shows that Alex is acting differently, further and more serious actions shall be made and executed. Data Analysis Alex’s data revealed important facts about his condition. The charting found that Alex’s parents both work, and he is often left to his babysitter. Alex is an only child, though he has an older sister from his father’s first marriage. The sister does not live with Alex nor is she close to him. When Alex’s activities were observed, it has been found that he would stand up and play around when Kara starts speaking.It seems that Alex does not like passive listening. Even at times that Kara was able to convince him to sit and listen, he would be fidgeting with his pencil, the pages of his workbook, or the hems of his shorts. However, when there are activities to do in the workbook, in the board, or plainly if there are activities that Kara asks the class to do Alex complies and quietly finishes his tasks. Yet when Kara starts speaking again for the purpose of discussing, Alex begins with his activity again.It should be noted, however, that only short activities keep Alex preoccupied. When activities reach more than five minutes or so, he begins fidgety again and looks for new things to do, leaving his activities unfinished. Looking at the behavior of the children similar to his level, Alex’s actions are not fitting his age and maturity level. While other children of his age are easy to talk to and direct into doing what is acceptable, no encouragement convinced Alex in doing the same. PropositionsGiven that Alex cannot stay focused in his class and because it greatly affects his participation and ultimately his grades, the following interventions were proposed. 1. At the first week, Alex was seated in the front line of the class, near the teacher’s table. This allowed the teacher to keep contact with Alex constantly throughout the class. 2. On the second week, Kara gave Alex a special role in class which allowed him to keep track of other children in class who are not behaving well.Standing and talking were among the activities that Alex kept an eye on. 3. Kara started giving the class periodic activities every ten minutes starting on the third week. Activities include lesson-related works but al so calisthenics and even breaks. 4. At the fourth week, Kara held a conference with the parents and solicited their help in the case. She stressed the importance of keeping themselves present for Alex to aid what depression there may be in Alex. 5. Alex was given short special assignments every other day to make up for his low grades in class.

The Office Layout Importance

The Office Layout Importance Introduction The main idea of this paper is to answer the question whether office layout is closer to the notion of the retail service layout or to the manufacturing layout. The office layout is closely related to the retail service layout as the main purposes of these notions are similar.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Office Layout Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, retail service layout is aimed at minimizing the way a customer should come to the desirable product (Alavudeen Venkateshwaran 2008). The same is about the office layout as it is more effective when employees can easily reach the equipment they work with and the information they need (Roy 2005). Literature review There are a lot of different works related to the similar problem. Still, none of them provides the answer whether office layout is more associated with retail service layout or with manufacturing layout. According to Bicheno and Elliot (1997) retail service layout is aimed at maximizing â€Å"the profit per square or cubic metre of space† (p. 129). At the same time, almost supporting this idea Heragu (2006) states that manufacturing layout â€Å"is different from office layout because different weights are attached to the factors† (p. 23) which influences those facilities. The new layout of the office may improve the effect from communication (Eisinger 2002). Communication serves as the basis for both office and retail service as it is promoted by the layout (Boutellier, Ullman, Schreiber, Naef 2008). The incorrect office layout may lead to violation of employees’ privacy (Binyaseen 2010). The same deals with the retail service layout and the personal customer information. Discussion Thus, the information discussed above shows that there are much in common between retail service layout and office layout, that manufacturing layout cannot have similar characteristics. It is possible to say that the information mentioned above is closely related to the topic we are discussing. If the company wants to reduce the costs in the office, it can change the office layout with the purpose not to dismiss employees. The same is with the retail service layout which may be changed when some changes in the customer sector are necessary (Charlton 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, working with the customers and trading, the innovative technologies are used. The same is with the office layout. There are so many different companies which deal with this problem, like IKEA 2008 Office planner (IKEA 2010) and Easy Office Planning Software (SmartDraw 2010). It is important to remember that the proper use of the office layout in the organization can solve many problems. Wieden + Kennedy (2010) is the advertising agency. Working in the advertising business, it is important to collaborate with other members of the team and, at the same time, to be as if in another room. The decision made by the design company NEXT Architecture (2010) is a really interesting decision. On the one hand, people see each other the walls in the rooms are made from glass, on the other hand, there are walls and no one can hear anything (Momoy 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, office layout is closely related to the retail service layout as the purposes are the same, in spite of the fact that they are directed at the different targets. The research conducted in this paper helps understand the importance of layout in different spheres of business, either the employees are involved, or the customers of the company. References Alavudeen and Venkateshwaran. (2008). Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Bicheno, J. and Elliot, B. (1997). Operations management: an active learning approach. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Binyaseen, A. (2010). Office layouts and employee participation. Facilities, 28 (7/8) p. 348.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Office Layout Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Boutellier, R., Ullman, F., Schreiber, J., Naef, R. (2008). Impact of office layout on communication in a science-driven business. RD Management, 38 (4), pp. 372-391. Charlton, B. (2003). Office Interiors Space crunch. Crains Detroit Business, 19 (31), p. 11. Eisinger, J. (2002). The Optimal Office. Association Management, 54 (10), p. 56. Heragu, S.S. (2006). Facilities Design. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. IKEA. (2010). IKEA 2008 Office planner. Web. Momoy. (2008). Wieden + Kennedy – Modern Advertising Agency Interior from NEXT. Web. NEXT Architecture. (2010). Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roy, R.N. A. (2005). Modern Approach to Operations Management. New Delhi: New Age International. SmartDraw. (2010). Easy Office Planning Software. Web. Wieden + Kennedy. (2010). Web.

buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay

buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay The users of the steroids are in most of the situation prompted to use the drug in a combination of other drugs that are similarly harmful to them. These includes the classes of stimulants, pain killers, depressants, drugs that are anti-inflammatory in addition to other types of hormones that are viewed to cause effects of offsetting the side effects that are brought about by the use of steroids. It is however a paradox that the use of these types of drugs are a strategy for further escalation of the chances that adverse reactions will prevail. Most of the steroids are usually manufactured through illegal means. They are also traded in black markets and therefore the possibility of their quality control in non existent. They may also be bogus, mislabeled as well as contaminated. This is therefore consequential for the addition of the harms that are associated with the use of the drug. There are however some cases where the drug may be used for medical purposes which a is a valid as well as genuine case of the use of steroids. The use of the drug on a medical basis is aimed at the treatment of diseases such as the breast cancer, anemia, cases of osteoporosis, hereditary angiodema which is a form of swelling disorder as well as endometris. There is however no use that hae so far been sanctioned for the use of the steroids in the case of the purposes of cosmetics or the performance of the athletics. As a result of the side effects that are negative in addition to the potentialities associated with the abuse of the drug. There has been a need for the classification of the steroids in the class of the substances that are controlled. These are usually associated with stiff penalties in cases of suspected trafficking their possession as well as their use if this is not on a medical ground. Most of the associations of the athletics, International Olympic Committee, includ ed conducts the tests against the use of the steroids among the participants and in case the use of the drug is detected there is an imposition of a stiff penalty (Sherwood, 2008). Side effects in addition to the complications of the use of anabolic steroid. There are varying degrees of the side effects that are associated with the use of steroids which are of a serious magnitude are are commonly experienced among the users. The side effects may be reversible but at the same time they may be a possible cause of a permanent damage. They are associated with the damage of the liver. According to research that has so far been conducted in the cases of hospitalized patients, there is an indication of the damage of the liver as a result of the use of the steroids. The steroids are responsible for the reduction of the potential functioning of the liver. There is a possibility of the bleeding of the liver which is a cystic condition that may be fatal. The use of the steroids has strong connections with the cancer of the liver although in cases that are rare. They also have potential effects on the victims cardiovascular system in as far as the heart is concerned. This situation has however suffered from a deficiency of research but some studies in addition to some investigations have indicated that the use of the drug is a potential factor of risk for the damage of the cardiovascular system. This is accompanied by the problems of the blood pressure in addition to the lipoproteins of the like of cholesterol. There is additional evidence of the potential danger to the victims heart in addition to the high possibility of the occurrence of the heart diseases in addition to the instances of stroke and this is most common in the case of the use of the drug in an oral manner (Sherwood, 2008). Buy custom Forms of Similar Drugs essay

How did the world media present Japan's recent tragediesWhat lessons Essay

How did the world media present Japan's recent tragediesWhat lessons has Fukushima taught us about the Nuclear Age - Essay Example In the context of the nuclear reactor blast at Fukushima, the media certainly had two options at its disposal. Either they could have used this disaster to enhance the public awareness regarding radiation and the hazards of Nuclear energy, or they could have cashed on this opportunity to augment their viewership and readers. As these two objectives were contrary to each other, so sadly speaking, a big chunk of the media coverage was predominantly and in case of some channels, was exclusively dedicated to shooting up the existing viewership. This was more than true in case of the Asian media companies. Many a times the media tried to hype every big and small incident related to radiation leakage. Some of them even went ahead to compare the magnitude of Fukushima blast with the Chernobyl disaster in a sensational and gripping tone. This was certainly a sorry trend on the part of media, when in this age of connectivity; it had access to all the relevant facts. Luckily speaking, some med ia houses do succeeded in using the Fukushima disaster to educate the masses about the hazards of nuclear energy and to nudge the competent stakeholders to do something to avoid such tragedies in the future. Not to say, NHK, that happens to be Japan’s national broadcaster, was conclusively a voice of poise and calm amidst this catastrophe. The other thing was that this line of approach on the part of the world media died down after a few days when it realized that the alarming and sensational coverage of this human catastrophe could not be sustained for long. It was only then that the media started to focus on the plight of the people who suffered from Tsunami and Fukushima blast. Fukushima blast is a disaster that would not only find a place in the annals of history, but is also a phenomenon that left many lessons for the contemporary generations. The first and foremost lesson of this tragedy is that the modern economies running on electricity do need a reliable backup arran gement (Inskeep: Online). One impact of the Fukushima was that it immediately led to a power shut in the customer businesses, localities and concerns. Not only this, in the absence of the power supply, the rescue workers were not able to do their work at an optimal level. The businesses and factories came down on their knees and the failure to restore power simply did not allow them to rescue and restart their operations in time. This not only jeopardized the Japanese economy, but also gravely affected the economy of the nations doing business with Japanese companies. So, in the future, the concerned experts should take care that there always exists a reliable backup to meet the situations posed by such disasters. The Fukushima disaster also forces the people and experts to rethink the viability and relevance of the national dependence on nuclear power (Boyle 12)). Though nuclear energy is a cost effective sources of power, it also do poses severe threats if the nuclear reactors are not prepared with a disaster plan for such eventualities (Inskeep: Online). The most important thing in a nuclear accident is the way the management responds to that accident. It was to a great extent a timely response by the Fukushima management that the situation was not allowed to uncontrollably escalate and deteriorate as it happened at Chernobyl. Still, the international community needs to give more teeth to the watchdogs like International Atomic Energy

CBI and QNB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CBI and QNB - Assignment Example This assignment also highlights the implemented strategy that may increase its portfolio and reputation in their respective markets as compared to others. Furthermore, the implemented strategy will also be evaluated so as to analyze its effectiveness and to recommend the most effective strategy is also for the organizations. The Commercial Bank International (CBI) of United Arab Emirates is a one of the budding commercial bank of United Arab Emirates. It is one of the reputed local brands established in the year 1991 offering a wide range of financial benefits such as auto loans, vehicle loans, credit cards enhancements and many more to its customers. This helped the organization to improve its market share and demand in the market of United Arab Emirates as compared to many other rival contenders. In-spite of being a public share holding company, it enhanced its reliability and loyalty within the minds of the local customers for its value-added services. The organization always tries to offer high valued products to its customers so as to improve their commitment and reliability. This is done in order to increase the sustainability and relationship with the customers that may amplify its brand value and profitability (Commercial Bank International, 2014). Similarly, Qatar National Bank (QNB) is established in the year 1964 as one of the first owned commercial bank of Middle East. It mainly offers a wide range of investment banking value-added services to its corporate and institutional clients with the help of its subsidiaries. This helped the organizations to expand it-self in numerous locations that amplified its dependency and reputations as compared to others (Qatar National Bank, 2014). The mission of Commercial Bank International (CBI) is to offer highly value-added and simple products and services to its target